Blueberry Bet and Atherosclerosis
Blueberry Bet and Atherosclerosis
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Blueberries are known for their phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins. They have been shown to have beneficial effects in animal models of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not fully understood. In cell culture experiments, blueberry phenolic compounds have been found to decrease proinflammatory gene expression and secretion, as well as inhibit NF-kB translocation into the nucleus. No single blueberry phenolic fraction stands out as being more potent, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by a combination of phytomolecules.
Several studies have examined the ability of blueberry extracts to inhibit inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse macrophages. In one study, blueberry anthocyanins (malvidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and protocatechuic acid) reduced the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to HUVECs. In addition, blueberry extracts decreased the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-a and IL-6 in macrophages. These findings suggest that blueberry anthocyanins may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory Blueberry bet disorder of the vascular wall that involves the accumulation of lipids and macrophage infiltration. It is the most common underlying condition for cardiovascular disease (91). Several factors have been associated with atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal signaling (93). The inhibition of these processes by blueberry anthocyanins has been observed in animal models. In one study, blueberry pomace, polyphenol-rich extracts, and individual anthocyanins reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages and BMDMs.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of blueberries have been examined in cell cultures, but it is important to test these effects in well-controlled clinical trials that measure both the parent compounds and their metabolites at physiological doses. Ideally, these studies should include both plasma measurements of chlorogenic acid and measures of inflammation and oxidative stress. This is a challenge, but it is necessary to fully understand the effect of berry phytochemicals on the risk factors for chronic diseases such as glycemic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Report this page